In a bold and unexpected move, General Charles Sematama, who recently assumed command of Twirwaneho after the death of General Rukunda Michel, also known as Makanika, has announced a strategic alliance with the Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC) and the March 23 Movement (M23). Their shared objective: to overthrow the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Félix Tshisekedi.

Leadership Transition Amidst Escalating Conflict

General Sematama took over as the leader of Twirwaneho following the death of General Makanika, a respected and influential figure in the movement. Makanika was killed in a drone strike launched by the Armed Forces of the DRC (FARDC), a move seen as a strategic blow to Twirwaneho’s leadership. However, the group responded swiftly and aggressively.

Just two days after Makanika’s death, Twirwaneho forces captured Minembwe, a strategic town in South Kivu. This rapid offensive demonstrated their continued strength and determination despite the loss of their leader. The fall of Minembwe has significant implications for the security dynamics in the region, as it is a critical stronghold with strategic importance for controlling surrounding territories.

Strategic Alliance with AFC/M23

Under Sematama’s leadership, Twirwaneho is now aligning with AFC/M23, forming a powerful coalition of rebel factions that have long contested government control in eastern DRC. The AFC, a political-military coalition established in December 2023, includes the M23, known for its military campaigns in eastern DRC. Under the leadership of Corneille Nangaa, former head of the DRC’s Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI), the AFC has rapidly expanded its influence. In January 2025, they seized Goma, the capital of North Kivu Province, in a significant military victory.

The M23, reportedly supported by Rwanda according to multiple reports, has been engaged in fierce battles with the Armed Forces of the DRC (FARDC). Their recent military advances threaten Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu Province, exacerbating an already dire humanitarian crisis.

Who Is General Charles Sematama?

General Charles Sematama is a former officer in the Congolese army and now the military leader of Twirwaneho. He was sanctioned by the U.S. Department of the Treasury in July 2024 for his involvement in destabilizing activities in eastern DRC. Despite this, his influence has grown, and his leadership is seen as a continuation of Makanika’s legacy, albeit with a more aggressive strategic vision. His decision to ally with AFC/M23 reflects his ambition to reshape the conflict dynamics in the region.

What’s at Stake?

This alliance could drastically alter the balance of power in eastern DRC, leading to an escalation of violence and political instability in the already volatile Great Lakes region. The capture of Minembwe is likely to embolden Twirwaneho and their new allies, signaling a heightened threat to government forces.

The Congolese government has yet to issue an official response, but military sources report increased security measures to counter potential rebel offensives. Meanwhile, the international community is closely monitoring the situation, concerned about the potential for a worsening humanitarian crisis and further destabilization of the region.